Biological consequences of smoking

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Smoking can have major negative biological effects on the human body. Tobacco smoke contains,  tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide , nitrogen,  hydrogen cyanide and metals. The majority of the particulate matter that is inhaled by a smoker is composed of tar. Within a particle of tar,  there are many different harmful organic chemicals identified as carcinogens and tumor initiators.  Tar in its solid from is the component that stains the teeth and fingers of smokers. This substance also can stain and damage the lung tissue. Tar also increase the production of mucous and phlrgm.

Bad social effects of smoking
Breathing of smoke laden air by the nonsmokers is know as passive smoking. Majority of the nonsmokers are allergic to cigarette smoke as it produces irritation in their eyes and throats. They can also develop cancer by continuously living in an environment polluted with cigarette smoke. Moreover the people do not like the company of cigarette smokers due to bad smell that arise from their mouth. For this reason there are separate zones in aero planes and restaurants.  The government has banned smoking at public places and public transports.


Nicotine has many harmful effects such as increased heart rate and blood pressure,  constriction of blood vessels,  and damage to the muscles,  hormonal systems,  and metabolism.  Nicotine can also increase platelet stickiness in the blood which can cause blockage and cause coronary disease.
Carbon monoxide is formed when a cigarette is lit. It is odorless and tasteless and in large doses,  it is fatal. Carbon monoxide is linked with coronary heart disease and affecting vision. Although carbon monoxide is not a carcinogen , it is though to contribute to certain cancers , including lung cancer.  Carbon monoxide inhibits the respiratory system ability to clean out the airways with mucus.
When carbon monoxide enters the airways,  it stays along with other toxic chemical contained in cigarette smok. These toxins cause inflammation,  impair lung function,  and increase the risk of lung disease.  Nitrogen oxides are found in high doses in cigarette smoke. It is responsible for causing lung damage leading to emphysema. Hydrogen cyanide is proven to have a destructive effect on the cilia. The cilia are a part of the lung clearance system in human.


When the lung clearance system is damaged and toxic agents build up,  the likelihood of developing a disease increase.  Thirty different metals have been found in cigarette smoke,  many of which have been linked to cancer. A few of the metals found; arsenic , nickel,  cadmium,  chromium,  and lead. Along with metals , radioactive compounds have been in cigarettes,  all of them being carcinogens.

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